| Ionic crystals can easily be cleaved
and are - like e.g. also graphite - frequently used to check the
noise level of the instrument and the z calibration of the
scanner. On the small scale, steps and screw dislocations are
visible. |
KBr (lattice constant 330pm)
Derivative
of the topographic signal, image size 13 µm. Instrument:
Digital Instruments Nanoscope IIIa Multimode, in Tapping
Mode. |
 |
On a larger scale, the circular hills are
arranged in a well-ordered structure.ee
Image size 50
µm; topographic image (z scale 40 nm) |
|
Image size 50
µm; topographic image (z scale 40 nm) and derivative of
topography.
Instrument: Park Scientific Instruments Autoprobe
CP, in Intermittent Contact Mode. |
|
| Images with atomic resolution are possible in
ultrahigh-vacuum, obtained with a home-built instrument based on
a qPlus force sensor (Markus Herz 2002, unpublished). Topographic
image of KCl (lattice constant 315pm), image size 1.9nm, height
variation approx. 50pm.
| 
|
